Bile acids
are essential for the digestion of fat, but they also regulate energy
metabolism.
Bile acids
are produced in the liver and released into the intestines, where they help to
absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins. The acids return to the liver via the
bloodstream, resulting in a closed bile acid circulation.
 |
| Boumphreyfr, Bile recycling, CC BY-SA 3.0 |
Animal
experiments have shown that the oral intake of bile acids leads to reduced
weight gain and higher energy consumption and that the bile acid level in the
blood rises after a gastric bypass surgery.
Bilbiography
sources:
Albaugh VL,
Banan B, Ajouz H, Abumrad NN, Flynn CR. Bile acids and bariatric surgery. Mol
Aspects Med. 2017 Aug;56:75-89.
Cole AJ,
Teigen LM, Jahansouz C, Earthman CP, Sibley SD. The Influence of Bariatric
Surgery on Serum Bile Acids in Humans and Potential Metabolic and Hormonal
Implications: a Systematic Review. Curr Obes Rep. 2015 Dec;4(4):441-50.
Escalona A,
Muñoz R, Irribarra V, Solari S, Allende F, Francisco Miquel J. Bile acids
synthesis decreases after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Obes Relat Dis.
2016 May;12(4):763-769.
Fouladi F,
Mitchell JE, Wonderlich JA, Steffen KJ. The Contributing Role of Bile Acids to
Metabolic Improvements After Obesity and Metabolic Surgery. Obes Surg. 2016
Oct;26(10):2492-502.
Garruti G,
Di Ciaula A, Wang HH, Wang DQ, Portincasa P. Cross-Talk Between Bile Acids and
Gastro-Intestinal and Thermogenic Hormones: Clues from Bariatric Surgery. Ann
Hepatol. 2017 Nov;16(Suppl. 1: s3-105.):s68-s82.
González-Regueiro
JA, Moreno-Castañeda L, Uribe M, Chávez-Tapia NC. The Role of Bile Acids in
Glucose Metabolism and Their Relation with Diabetes. Ann Hepatol. 2017
Nov;16(Suppl. 1: s3-105.):16-21. Review.
Jahansouz
C, Xu H, Hertzel AV, Serrot FJ, Kvalheim N, Cole A, Abraham A, Luthra G, Ewing
K, Leslie DB, Bernlohr DA, Ikramuddin S. Bile Acids Increase Independently From
Hypocaloric Restriction After Bariatric Surgery. Ann Surg. 2016
Dec;264(6):1022-1028.
Kaska L,
Sledzinski T, Chomiczewska A, Dettlaff-Pokora A, Swierczynski J. Improved
glucose metabolism following bariatric surgery is associated with increased
circulating bile acid concentrations and remodeling of the gut microbiome.
World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Oct 21;22(39):8698-8719.
Khan FH,
Kohli R. Bariatric Surgery: The Rise and Fall of Bile Acids. Surg Obes Relat
Dis. 2016 May;12(4):770-771.
Mazidi M,
de Caravatto PP, Speakman JR, Cohen RV. Mechanisms of Action of Surgical
Interventions on Weight-Related Diseases: the Potential Role of Bile Acids.
Obes Surg. 2017 Mar;27(3):826-836.
Mika A,
Kaska L, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Chomiczewska A, Swierczynski J, Smolenski RT,
Sledzinski T. Evidence That the Length of Bile Loop Determines Serum Bile Acid
Concentration and Glycemic Control After Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg. 2018 May 22.
Nemati R,
Lu J, Dokpuang D, Booth M, Plank LD, Murphy R. Increased Bile Acids and FGF19
After Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Correlate with Improvement
in Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Trial. Obes Surg. 2018 Jul 9.
Noel OF,
Still CD, Argyropoulos G, Edwards M, Gerhard GS. Bile Acids, FXR, and Metabolic
Effects of Bariatric Surgery. J Obes. 2016;2016:4390254.
Penney NC,
Kinross J, Newton RC, Purkayastha S. The role of bile acids in reducing the
metabolic complications of obesity after bariatric surgery: a systematic
review. Int J Obes (Lond). 2015 Nov;39(11):1565-74.
Risstad H,
Kristinsson JA, Fagerland MW, le Roux CW, Birkeland KI, Gulseth HL, Thorsby PM,
Vincent RP, Engström M, Olbers T, Mala T. Bile acid profiles over 5 years after
gastric bypass and duodenal switch: results from a randomized clinical trial.
Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2017 Sep;13(9):1544-1553.
Shapiro H,
Kolodziejczyk AA, Halstuch D, Elinav E. Bile acids in glucose metabolism in
health and disease. J Exp Med. 2018 Feb 5;215(2):383-396.
Thöni V,
Pfister A, Melmer A, Enrich B, Salzmann K, Kaser S, Lamina C, Ebenbichler CF,
Hackl H, Tilg H, Moschen AR. Dynamics of Bile Acid Profiles, GLP-1, and FGF19
After Laparoscopic Gastric Banding. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Aug
1;102(8):2974-2984.
Tian J,
Huang S, Sun S, Ding L, Zhang E, Huang W. Bile acid signaling and bariatric surgery.
Liver Res. 2017 Dec;1(4):208-213.
Vítek L,
Haluzík M. The role of bile acids in metabolic regulation. J Endocrinol. 2016
Mar;228(3):R85-96. doi: 10.1530/JOE-15-0469.
Wei M, Shao
Y, Liu QR, Wu QZ, Zhang X, Zhong MW, Liu SZ, Zhang GY, Hu SY. Bile acid
profiles within the enterohepatic circulation in a diabetic rat model after
bariatric surgeries. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2018 May 1;314(5):G537-G546.
